论文写作网

　　一、为何回收布局式论文摘要
　　当前,医学文献数据库除收录论文题目外，同时收录论文摘要。譬喻,美国国度医学图书馆医学文献联机检索系统(MEDLINE)收集了全世界3600多种医学期刊的数十万条文献，个中包罗中华医学会系列杂志20余种。荷兰医学文摘(Excepta Medica)以收录高质量的文摘著称,全部收录论文摘要，按专业分册出书。中国医学科学院医学信息研究中心在国度科委与卫生部率领下，也成立了中国生物医学文献数据库，收录1990年以来登载在海内期刊的论著中、英文题目及中文摘要，并制成数据库光盘系统。各类数据库的成立，无疑加速了海表里信息的流传，节减了读者的时间，便于更实时把握最新的科研动态。为此，写好论文摘要至关重要。
　　二、布局式论文摘要的根基写作要领 　　布局式论文摘要包罗目标、要领、功效与结论四部门。由于大都海外读者不能看懂论著全文,所以,英文摘要内容应较中文摘要更全面。详细字数可按照差异期刊或征文的要求而定，中文摘要一般在200字以内。英文摘要字数为150～400个英文单词。中英文摘要各项内容基内情同。分述如下:
　　2.英文所用时态需与工作产生时间相一致，论述根基纪律时可用此刻时。论述研究工具、要领和功效时，用已往时。
　　四、布局式论文摘要举例
　　1.文辞力争简明易懂，不能暗昧及反复。除了已类型化的缩略语(如DNA)外,首次用缩略语之前须将英文全称列出。
　　1.目标(Objective)：直接了内地精确说明研究目标或所叙述的问题。如题目已清楚表白，则摘要中可以不反复。亦可以在摘要开始，扼要说明提出问题的配景。英文常以动词不定式“To+动词原形”开头。常用英文表达方法:To investigate...and...;To assese...;To determine whether...;To study...;To examine...;To evaluate ... and compare...;To improve...;To describe...;To explore....;To clarify;To identify ...;To localize ...等。
　　三、布局式论文摘要写作的留意事项
　　要害词：摘要的写作
　　3.功效(Results)：为摘要的重点部门。提供研究所得出的主要功效，列出重要数据。指出新要领与经典要领较量而表示出的优缺点，并说明其可信度及精确性的统计学水平。英文要用完整句子，谓语动词用已往时态，研究所得数据如百分数、血压等数字回收临床病例书写形式，不必用书面英文表达。常用英文表达方法:...was (were)...;We found...;There was...等。4.结论(Conclusion)：把研究的主要结论性概念，用一、二句话简明表达，不必另分段落或设小标题。结论应该有直接依据,制止猜测和过于笼统。英文用完整句子表达，动词时态用一般此刻时或此刻完成时。最好直接写结论,也可用一些句型引出结论。常用英文表达方法：...is probably ...;...is ...;Our conclusion is that ...;This study shows that...;This study suggests that...;This study confirms that...;These observations support ...等。
　　Objective: To evaluate the perinatal and 2-year outcomes in pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM) during the second trimester.　Methods: Fifty-three consecutive singleton pregnancies with PROM at 14 to 28 weeks of gestation were studied retrospectively. Management goals were to prolong the pregnancies to 32 weeks through expectant management and to avoid fetal compromise through closer monitoring and active intervention, when necessary, after 23 weeks. Outcome of the surviving infants was based on neurologic, audiometric, and ophthalmologic examinations at 2 years of corrected age.　Results: Rupture of membranes occurred at 14～19 weeks (mean 17.4 weeks) in 10 women, at 10～25 weeks (mean 24.0 weeks) in 24, and at 26～28 weeks (mean 27.6 weeks) in 19.The median latency periods to delivery were 72 days, 12 days, and 10 days when rupture of membranes occurred at 14～19 weeks, 20～25 weeks, and 26～28 weeks, respectively.The overall incidence of chorioamnionitis was 28%.There were no fetal deaths and nine neonatal deaths. When rupture of membranes occurred at 14～19 weeks, 20～25 weeks,and 26～28 weeks, the perinatal survival rates were 40%,92% and,100%, respectively. Pulmonary hypoplasia accounted for seven deaths. Of the live-born infants, 81% were alive at 2 years of corrected age. Survival without major impairment was observed in 75%, 80%, and 100% of the survivors when rupture of membranes occurred at 14～19 weeks, 20～25 weeks, and 26～28 weeks, respectively.　Conclusion: Expectant management of second-trimester PROM offers better perinatal and long-term survival than previously thought. 　　医学论文的摘要，是为了把研究事情的主要内容以最简洁的文字予以先容，协助读者对该事情的目标、设计及研究功效较快地得出归纳综合性的领略。从而抉择是否需阅读全文。布局式论文摘要具有牢靠名目，其撰写名目与科研设计思维要领相一致，有助于作者理清思路，精确表达，甚至可促使作者在尝试设计开始时就明晰各项内容，使各部门更趋严密、公道，以得出正确结论。也便于国际间交换，可以转载，易于流传。
　　2.要领(Methods)：对研究的根基设计加以描写。包罗诊断尺度、分组环境及随访时间；研究工具的数量及特征，以及对在研究中因副浸染或其它原因而除掉的研究工具数目;调查的主要变量及主要的研究要领；治疗手段包罗利用要领及浸染时间等。若为临床研究，需说明是前瞻性随机比拟研究或回首性阐明。要领学研究要说明新的或改造的要领、设备、质料，以及被研究的工具（动物某人）。英文常需要用完整的被动或主动布局句子，动词用已往时态。常用英文表达方法:A randomized, double blind,placebo controlled trial was performed;A case control study;A prospective clinical study;We retrospectively analyzed...;W e studied ...等。